Which of the following best describes the role of decoding in reading?

Decoding is a crucial component of the reading process, as it refers specifically to the ability to translate written symbols (letters and words) into their corresponding sounds (phonemes). This process is fundamental for effective reading because it enables readers to convert printed text into spoken language. When a reader decodes successfully, they can pronounce words and comprehend their meanings, which is essential for understanding the overall message of the text.

The other choices do not accurately capture the essence of decoding. Evaluating a text's theme involves comprehension and analytical skills rather than the mechanical process of turning letters into sounds. While vocabulary development is important for reading comprehension, decoding itself is focused on the reading of words rather than enhancing one's vocabulary. Lastly, textual analysis involves deeper engagement with the content and themes of a text, which is distinct from the initial process of recognizing and sounding out words through decoding. Overall, decoding is about the fundamental skill of phonetic translation necessary for reading proficiency.